Management of R&D - Reaction Paper Series

Over the past few of days, I have posted a series of reaction papers. These papers were a requirement in one of my technology management classes a couple of semesters ago. We were given a list of reading materials and asked to summarize and react to them. Though called reaction papers, 90% of the grade is actually based on the summary which is why I devoted a significant portion of each paper to the summary (we were limited to a max. of 2 pages, font 10 min.)

Here's the syllabus of that course (as written by our professor):

TM204: MANAGEMENT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

(June 2010)

1. COURSE DESCRIPTION

The Systematic treatment of the various issues and factors inherent in the management of R&D; R&D strategies; measurement and assessment of R&D productivity; strategic R&D management. (Credit 3 units)

2. COURSE OBJECTIVES

1. To familiarize the students with the nature and functions of R&D in technology generation and technological innovation;
2. To acquaint the students with the methods of R&D strategizing and planning as well as with the techniques of valuing, selecting. Organizing, and implementing R&D projects;
3. To familiarize the students with the problems and techniques of organizing R&D laboratories, managing R&D personnel, and improving R&D productivity;
4. To acquaint the students with various national R&D systems and policies as well as with the problems of R&D management in government and academe; and
5. To familiarize the studenst with the methods of promoting government-business-academe collaboration in R&D, stimulating R&D in the enterprise sector, and evaluating R&D performance.

3. COURSE REQUIREMENTS

1. Class Participation – Class attendance is compulsory, and active participation in class discussions is expected of each student.
2. Reaction Papers – Each student must submit a printed/typewritten (single-space) reaction paper on the assigned reading (maximum of 2 pages).
3. Term Project – The class will be divided into groups of  3 students each, and each group will be required to submit at the end of the semester either one of the following: (1) an Analysis of the R&D strategies, financing, programs, projects, organization, staffing, and accomplishments of a domestic firm, government agency, or academic institution; or (2) an Evaluation Report on the management of an actual R&D project done locally, from the proposal stage, to the implementation and post-evaluation of the project.
4. Group Presentation – All groups will be required to make a formal presentation of their respective Term Projects. Every member of the presenting group must participate in the presentation to test his reporting skills, and his knowledge of the Project.
5. Final Examination – An examination covering all of the topics discussed during the semester will be given at the end of the semester.

4. COURSE GRADING

A student’s final weighted score in the course will be computed on the basis of the following weight distribution:

• Reaction Papers .. ………………………….. 25%
• Project Presentation .……….………………. 25%
• Term Project Report ………….……………. 25%
• Final Exam …………………….…………... 25%

The students’ final numerical grades for the course will be determined on the basis of the following grade equivalences:

• 95 – 100 …………………………………… 1.0
• 90 – 94   …………………………………… 1.25
• 85 – 89   …………………………………… 1.5
• 80 – 84   …………………………………… 1.75
• 75 – 79   …………………………………… 2.0
• 70 – 74   …………………………………… 2.25
• 65 –69    …………………………………… 2.5
• 60 – 64   …………………………………… 2.75
• 55 – 59   …………………………………… 3.0
• 0   - 54   …………………………………… 5.0

5. COURSE OUTLINE

Part I.  Strategic Aspects of R&D Management

1. The Sociology of Science and Research

• Keith Pavitt, “Research and Development”, International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioural Sciences, UK, 2001. pp. 2-10.
• Robert Buderi, “The Once and Future Industrial Research”, 2001.
• (Suggested Reading Material: NO REACTION REQUIRED) Ramon Ruiz, “The Science and Scientific Method”, 1999.
• (Suggested Reading Material: NO REACTION REQUIRED) P.A. Roussel, K.N. Saad, and T.J. Erickson, “Technology, Maturation, and Competitive Impact”, in Third Generation R&D: Managing the Link to Corporate Strategy, Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press, 1991. Briefing Paper 1, pp.59-65.

2. Evolution of R&D Management

• Debra M. Amidon Rogers, “The Challenge of Fifth Generation R&D”, Research Technology Management, The Journal of Industrial Research Institute. July – August 1996.
• Barry Jaruzelski, Kevin Dehoff, and Rakesh Bordia “Money Isn’t Everything”, Booz Allen Hamilton Resilience Report, 2005.
• (Suggested Reading Material: NO REACTION REQUIRED) William L. Miller and Langdon Morris, “The Innovation Business Process”, in 4th Generation R&D: Managing Knowledge, Technology, and Innovation. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1999. Chapter 8, pp. 271-313.
• (Suggested Reading Material: NO REACTION REQUIRED) P.A. Roussel, K.N. Saad, and T.J. Erickson, “A Framework for Purposeful R&D”, ibid. Chapter 3, pp. 23-40.

3. R&D Strategic Management & Planning

• James Morrison and Ian Wilson, “The Strategic Management Response to the Challenge of Global Change”, Future Visions, Ideas, Insights and Strategies, Bethesda, MD: The World Future Society, 1996.
• Anders Hemre, “Robust R&D – Managing Engineering and Technology Based Organizations”, interKnowledge Technologies, 2004.
• (Suggested Reading Material: NO REACTION REQUIRED) Dirk Bocher and S. M. Bose, “A Novel Approach to Risk-Based Planning of Advanced R&D Programs- How to Save Millions and Years”, IAMOT, 2001.
• (Suggested Reading Material: NO REACTION REQUIRED) Secretary of Transportation, “Surface Transportation Research and Development Plan”, A Report to Congress by the US Department of Transportation, March 1996.
• (Suggested Reading Material: NO REACTION REQUIRED) “McClelan R&D Strategic Plan”, Angelou Economics Report to the Joint Powers Authority of McClellan, November 2006.

4. Strategic Foresighting Techniques

• Jay Ogilvy and Peter Schwartz, “Plotting Your Scenarios ”, Learning from the Future, Liam Fahey and Robert Randall (editors), John Wiley and Sons, 1998.
• Robert Phaal, Clare Farrukh and David Probert, “Technology Roadmapping: Linking Technology Resources to Business Objectives”, Center for Technology Management, University of Cambridge, UK, November 14, 2001.
• (Suggested Reading Material: NO REACTION REQUIRED Robert Phaal, “Technology Roadmapping”, Center for Technology Management, University of Cambridge, UK.
• (Suggested Reading Material: NO REACTION REQUIRED) Marie L. Garcia and Olin H. Bray, “Fundamentals of Technology Roadmapping”, Sandia National Laboratories, Sandia National Laboratories, April 1997
• (Suggested Reading Material: NO REACTION REQUIRED) IZT, “Integrated Technology Roadmaping”, IZT (Institute for Future Studies and Technology Assessment), ZVEI, Germany, July 2007.
• (Suggested Reading Material: NO REACTION REQUIRED “Integration of Strategic Business Planning and Technology Roadmapping in Globally Operating Companis by Means of Roadmapping”, IFSAM, 2006.
• (Suggested Reading Material: NO REACTION REQUIRED) Thomas Froe and Jeff H. Rankin, “Strategic Roadmaps for Construction Innovation: Assessing the State of Research”, Journal of Information Technology in Construction, August 2009.

5. Financial Evaluation of R&D Projects

• Fred Pries, Thomas Astebro and Amer Obedi, “Economic Analysis of R&D Projects: Real Option Versus NPV Valuation Revisited” University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. June 10, 2001.
• Rohini Gupta, “Real Options for Evaluating Venture Capital and Strategic R&D Investments”, Wharton School, 2002.
• (Suggested Reading Material: NO REACTION REQUIRED) F. Peter Boer, “Risk Adjusted Valuation of R&D Projects” Yale University, 2003.
• (Suggested Reading Material: NO REACTION REQUIRED) N.S. Vonortas and H.R. Hertzfeld, “Long-Term R&D Project Selection” George Washington University, Washington, DC: November 17, 1995.

6. Selecting R&D Projects

• “Research Decisionmaking in Industry: The Limits to Quantitative Methods”, Research Funding as an Investment: Can We Measure the Returns, Chapter 4, pp. 47-57.
• Adrian Presley and Donald Liles, “A Methodology for Research Project Selection” Truman State University, and University of Texas, U.S.A. 1997.
• (Suggested Reading Material: NO REACTION REQUIRED) Laura Meade and Adrien Presley, “R&D Project Selection Using the Analytic Network Process”, IEEE Transactions on Engineering Mangement, Vol. 49, No.1, February 2002, pp. 59-66.
• (Suggested Reading Material: NO REACTION REQUIRED) Tobias Schmidt, Franz Schwiebacker and Wolfgang Sofka, “The Effects of Innovation Experience on Project Selection: Better the Devil You Know”, Contributed Paper for the 2007 Conference on Corporate R&D (CONCORD), Center for European Economic Research, Mannheim, Germany, 31 August 2007.
• Cody Aperson, Farid Arefzadeh, Abigail Dinsmore, Richard Grabowski, David May, Kathrin Morandi, Barb Tawney and K. Preston White, Jr., “Project Selection for Technology Invstment”, Proceedings of the 2005 Systems and Information Engineering Design Symposium.

7. R&D Portfolio Development

• Robert G. Cooper, Scott J. Edgett and Elko J. Kleinschmidt, “Portfolio Management for New Product Development: Results of an Industry Study”, R&D Management, Vol. 31, No. 4, 2001.
• Cedric Gaspoz, “Prediction markets as an Inovative Way to Manage R&D Portfolios”, University of Lausanne, Switzerland.
• (Suggested Reading Material: NO REACTION REQUIRED) Juliana Mikkola, “Portfolio Management of R&D Projects: Implications for Innovation Management”, Copenhagen Business School, 2001.
• (Suggested Reading Material: NO REACTION REQUIRED) David Wadlow, “The Role of Risk in the Design, Evaluation and Management of Corporate R&D Project Portfolios for New Products” Sensors Research Consulting, Basking Ridge, NJ: 2007.
• (Suggested Reading Material: NO REACTION REQUIRED) “DOE R&D Portfolio - Overview”, U.S. Department of Energy, February 2000.

1. Strategic R&D Collaboration and Outsourcing

• Rajneesh Narula, “Choosing Between Internal and Non-internal R&D Activities: Some Technological and Economic Factors”, University of Oslo, Norway.
• Alan MacCormack, Theodore Forbath, Peter Brooks, and Patrick Kalaher, “Innovation Through Global Collaboration: A New Source of Competitive Advantage”, Harvard Business School and Wipro Technologies, Boston, MA, August 2007.
• (Suggested Reading Material: NO REACTION REQUIRED) Suzanne E. Majewski, “How Do Consortia Organize Collaborative R&D?: Evidence from the National Cooperative Act”, Harvard Law School Discussion Paper No. 483, Cambridge, MA., August 2004.
• (Suggested Reading Material: NO REACTION REQUIRED) Arup Sen, and Alan McPherson, “Outsourcing, External Collaboration, and Innovation Among U.S. Firms in the Biopharmateutical Industry” The Industrial Geographer, 2009, Volume 6, Issue 1, pp 20-36.
• (Suggested Reading Material: NO REACTION REQUIRED) James Adams, and Mircea Marcu, “R&D Sourcing, Joint Ventures, and Collaboration: A Multiple Indicators Approach” Rensselaer Polytechnique Institute and University of Florida, November 2003.

Part II.  Operational Aspects of R&D Management

2. Organizing for Global Advantage

• Ron Hira, “The Globalization of Research, Development and Invation”, Rochester Institute of Technology.
• “Globalization Alters Traditional R&D Rules”, R&D Magazine, September 2006.
• (Suggested Reading Material: NO REACTION REQUIRED) Y. Doz, K. Wilson, S. Veldhoen, and T. Goldbrunner, “Innovation: Is Global The Way Forward”, Booz Allen Hamilton and INSEAD, France: 2006.
• (Suggested Reading Material: NO REACTION REQUIRED) J. Dedrick, K. Kraemer, et.al., “Organizing Global Knowledge Networks in the Electronics Industry”, University of California-Irvine, University of California-Berkely, and University of Illinois-Chicago, June 2007.

3. Developing a Productive Industrial R&D

• “An Industrial Revolution in R&D”, PricewaterhouseCoopers Pharma 2005.
• William Sutherland, “Management of Industrial Research”, Sun Labs, July 2008.
• (Suggested Reading Material: NO REACTION REQUIRED) Nicholas Argyres, and Brian Silverman, “R&D, Organization Structure, and the Development of Corporate Technical Knowledge”, iBoston University School of Management, and University of Toronto Rothman School of Management.
• (Suggested Reading Material: NO REACTION REQUIRED) Legros Christopher, and Herman Yannicrumar, “New Concepts and Trends in International R&D Organization, Illustrated by the Example of Nestle”, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, March 17, 2008.
• (Suggested Reading Material: NO REACTION REQUIRED) Boris Zlotin, and Alla Zusman, “Revolutionary Innovation Tools for the R&D Organization”, iIdeation International, Inc., 2005.

4. Managing Scientists and Researchers

• Thomas J. Allen, “Organizing for Product Development”, December 2001.
• Thomas Clarke, “Unique Features of an R&D Work Environment and Research Scientists and Engineers”, July 1996.
• Thomas J. Allen, “Organizational Structure, Information Technology and R&D Productivity”, March 1986.
• (Suggested Reading Material: NO REACTION REQUIRED) “Research and Development Management Practices”, (Not Available), Chapter 4, pp. 32 - 45.

5. R&D Managers From The Perspectives Of Researchers

• A. Zuckermann and L. Brajkovich, “Managing the Innovator”, Reprinted from Pharmaceutical Executive, August 2003.
• Varma, Roli, “Research and Development (R&D) Management and Technical Expertise: Creating an Effective Managerial Environment for Maximizing Productivity”, 2000.

6. Motivating and Measuring R&D Productivity

• Ville Ojanen and Olli Vuola, “Categorizing the Measures and Evaluation Methods of R&D Performance – A State-of-the-Art Review of R&D Performance Analysis”, Lappeenrant University of Technology, Finland, 2003.
• Josh Lerner and Julie Wulf, “Innovation and Incentives: Evidence from Corporate R&D”, Harvard University Graduate School of Business Administration, and University of Pennsylvania Wharton School.
• (Suggested Reading Material: NO REACTION REQUIRED) Mark Brown, and Raynold Svenson, “Measuring R&D Productivity”, Industrial Research Institute, January 11, 1998.
• (Suggested Reading Material: NO REACTION REQUIRED)  “Enhancing R&D Productivity”, Center For Biomedical Innovation, 2006.

7. R&D Project Management Techniques

• Rod Coombs, Richard Hull and Malcolm Peltu, “Knowledge Management Practices for Innovation: An Audit Tool for Improvement”, The University of Manchester, CRIC Working Paper No. 6, June 1998.
• Erik Erno-Kjolhede, “Project Management Theory and the Management of Research Projects”, Copenhagen Business School, January 2000.
• (Suggested Reading Material: NO REACTION REQUIRED)  Anthony E. Harckham, “Project Management ”, Lecture Delivered to the 1998 APEC R&D Management Training Program.
• (Suggested Reading Material: NO REACTION REQUIRED) Edward A. Kilner, “Developing Efficient R&D Project Architecture and Avoid Missing the Market Window”, Project Solutions Unlimited. ON, Canada, 2000.

Part III.  National Innovation Systems

8. Conceptual Framework of National Innovation Systems

• “National Innovation Systems”, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, June 1997.
• Stephen Feinson, “National Innovation Systems: Overview and Country Cases”, Center for Science, Policy, and Outcomes.
• (Suggested Reading Material: NO REACTION REQUIRED) “Innovation The New Reality for National Prosperity ”, Prepared by 21st Century Innovation Working Group for the National Innovation Initiative, June 1, 2004.
• (Suggested Reading Material: NO REACTION REQUIRED) Willie Golden, Eoin Higgins and Soo Hee Lee, “National Innovation Sytems and Entrepreneurship”, Centre for Innovation & Structural Change Working Paper No. 8, National University of Ireland, October 2003.

9. The Roles of Academe, Defense Industries and Research Organizations

• D. C. Mowery, and B. N. Sampat, “Universities in National Innovation Systems”, U. C. Berkely and Georgia Institute of Technology.
• Judith Reppy, “Conceptualizing the Role of Defense Industries in National Systems of Innovation ”, Cornell University Peace Studies Program Occasional Paper #25, April 2000. pp. 1-12.
• (Suggested Reading Material: NO REACTION REQUIRED) Judith Reppy (ed.), “The Place of the Defense Industry in National Systems of Iinnovation ”, Cornell University Peace Studies Program Occasional Paper #25, April 2000. pp. 13-227.
• (Suggested Reading Material: NO REACTION REQUIRED) Rustam Lalkala, “National Innovation Systems: Role of Research Organizations and Enterprises”, CBusiness & Technology Development Strategies LLC.

1. World’s Leading National Innovation Systems

• “Innovation The New Reality for National Prosperity”, 21st Century Innovation Working Group Interim Report, June 2004.
• Sunil Mani, “Working with the Market: The Israeli Experience of Promoting R&D in the Enterprise Sector and the Lessons for Developing Countries”, Discussion Paper No. DP 2001-9, Institute for New Technologies (INTECH), U.N. University, December 2001.
• (Suggested Reading Material: NO REACTION REQUIRED) Morris Teubal, “Towards an R&D Strategy for Israel”, January 1999.

2. NIS of Rapidly Developing Economies

• Trevor Monroe, “China’s Emerging National Innovation System and the Economic Role of its Science and Technology Parks ”, IRGN 486, December 2005..
• Andre’ Nassif, “National Innovation System and Macroeconomic Policies: Brazil and India in Comparative Perspective”, UNCTAD Discussion Paper No. 184, May 2007.
• (Suggested Reading Material: NO REACTION REQUIRED) C. Herstatt, R. Tiwari, D. Ernst, and S. Buse, “India’s National Innovation Sytem: Key Elements and Corporate Perspectives”, Working Paper No. 51, Hamburg University of Technology, April 2008.

3. NIS of Tiger Economies in Asia

• Linsu Kim, “Crisis, National Innovation, and Reform in South Korea”, MIT Japan Program Working Paper 01.01.
• Trevor Monroe, “The National Innovation Systems of Singapore and Malaysia”, UNPANO, April 2006.
• (Suggested Reading Material: NO REACTION REQUIRED) P. T. Ng and C. Tan, “From School to Economy: Innovation and Enterprise in Singapore”, The Innovation Journal, Vol. 11(3), Article 5.
• (Suggested Reading Material: NO REACTION REQUIRED) K Ho and K. Luban, “National Innovation systems: A Case study of South Korea and Brazil”, Coursework for Economic and Public Policy of Technology, March 2004.
• (Suggested Reading Material: NO REACTION REQUIRED) Eleazar E. Ricote, “The Korean National Innovation Sytem: A Lesson in Public Administration and Governance for the Philippines”, UP Diliman National College of Public Administration, Philipines, pp. 181-200.

4. NIS of Developing Countries in Asia

• P. Intarakamnerd, P. Chairatana, and T. Tangchitpiboon, “National Innovation Systems in Less Successful Developing Countries: The Case of Thailand”, National Science and Technology Development Agency, and Aalborg University.
• Epectitus E. Patalinghug, “The Philippine National Innovation System: Structure and Characteristics”, Phillipine Institute for Development Studies Discussion Paper Series No. 2003-04, February 2002.
• (Suggested Reading Material: NO REACTION REQUIRED) “Science and Technology”, Medium-Term Development Plan 2004-2010, Chapter 19, pp. 229-239.
• (Suggested Reading Material: NO REACTION REQUIRED) Department of Science and Technology (DOST), Brochure 2000.